Water and It’s Treatment | Engineering Chemistry notes by Mohan Dangi

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

   - Overview of Water Chemistry

   - Importance of Water Quality in Industrial Applications

   - Impact of Hardness in Water

2. Hardness of Water

   - Definition of Hardness

   - Causes and Sources of Water Hardness

   - Effects of Hard Water on Domestic and Industrial Systems

3. Types of Hardness

   - Temporary Hardness (Carbonate Hardness)

   - Permanent Hardness (Non-carbonate Hardness)

   - Differences Between Temporary and Permanent Hardness

4. Determination of Hardness of Water

   - Methods of Measuring Hardness

     - EDTA Titration Method

     - Total Hardness, Calcium Hardness, and Magnesium Hardness

   - Units of Hardness (ppm, mg/L)

5. Boiler Troubles

   - Scale and Sludge Formation

   - Boiler Corrosion

   - Caustic Embrittlement

   - Priming and Foaming

   - Effects on Boiler Efficiency

6. Treatment of Boiler Feed Water (Softening of Water)

   - Lime-Soda Process

   - Zeolite/Permutit Process

   - Ion Exchange Process

   - Reverse Osmosis

   - Demineralization of Water

7. Numericals

   - Solving Problems on Water Hardness

   - Calculations Involving Softening Processes

   - Quantifying Scale and Sludge Formation in Boilers

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