Types of Columns in Building Construction

Columns are classified supported the several conditions which include:

Based on sorts of Reinforcement

Based on sorts of Loading

Based on Slenderness Ratio

Based on Shape

Based on Construction Material

Based on sorts of Reinforcement

1. Tied Column

This type of column is usually construction from ferroconcrete . Longitudinal reinforcement are confined within closely spaced tie reinforcement. it's estimated that 95% of all columns in buildings are tied.

2. Spiral Column

Spiral column is additionally construction from ferroconcrete . during this sort of column, longitudinal bars are confined within closely spaced and continuously wound spiral reinforcement.

Spiral reinforcement provided to restrains Poisson’s effect and delays axial load failure (ductile).

3. Composite column

When the longitudinal reinforcement is within the sort of steel section or pipe with or without longitudinal bars, it's called as a composite column.

This type of column have high strength with fairly small cross section, additionally to exhibit good fire performance.

4. Axially Loaded Column

If vertical axial loads is  acting at center of  gravity of the cross-section of the column, then it's is known as axially loaded column.

Axially loaded column are not sounds good hence very rarely used in construction since coinciding vertical loads on the center of gravity of column cross section is not  practically sounds.

Interior column of multi-storey buildings with symmetrical loads from floor slabs from all sides is an example of this sort of column.

5. Column with Uniaxial Eccentric Loading

When vertical loads don't coincide with center of gravity of column cross section, but rather act eccentrically either on X or Y axis of the column cross section, then it's called uniaxially eccentric loading column.

Column with uniaxial loading are generally encountered within the case of columns rigidly connected beam from one side only like edge columns.

6. Column with Biaxial Eccentric Loading

When vertical on the column isn't coincide with center of gravity of column cross section and doesn't act on either axis (X and Y axis), then the column is named biaxially eccentric loaded column.

Columns with biaxial loading is common in corner columns with beams rigidly connected at right angles at the highest of columns.

7. Short Column

If the ratio effective length of the column to the smallest amount lateral dimension is a smaller amount than 12, the column is named because the short column. a brief column fails by crushing (pure compression failure).

8. Long Column

If the ratio effective length of the column to the smallest amount lateral dimension exceeds 12, it's called as long column. an extended column fails by bending or buckling.