Difference between external redundancy and internal redundancy

Aspect	External Redundancy	Internal Redundancy
Cause	Due to excess supports beyond what is required for equilibrium.	This is caused by the addition of extra members in the structure.
Location	Occurs at the supports or boundary of the structure.	Occurs within the structure's framework (pin-jointed frames).
Effect	Increases safety and complicates analysis by making the structure statically indeterminate.	Adds internal complexity, leading to indeterminate internal forces.
Example	A beam with more than two supports (e.g., fixed, roller).	A pin-jointed truss with more members than needed for stability.
Impact on Analysis	Requires additional analysis for support reactions.	Requires more advanced methods to determine internal forces.