What are the different types of forces acting on a frame?

Following are the different types of forces acting on a frame: 

1. Axial Forces:

Tensile Forces: These forces pull the members of the frame apart, causing them to elongate.

Compressive Forces: These forces push the members together, causing them to shorten.

2. Shear Forces:

These forces act perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a member, causing sliding or shearing along the plane of the member.

3.Bending Moments:

Bending moments cause members to bend or deform due to forces applied perpendicular to their length. The distribution of bending moments affects the curvature of the member.

4. Torsional Forces:

Torsion causes a twisting effect on the members of the frame, leading to rotational deformation around the longitudinal axis.

5. External Loads:

Point Loads: Applied at specific locations on the frame.

Distributed Loads: Spread over a length or area of the frame, such as uniform or varying loads.

6. Reaction Forces:

These forces occur at the supports or connections of the frame, balancing the external loads and ensuring equilibrium.

7. Temperature-Induced Forces:

Thermal Expansion/Contraction: Changes in temperature can cause members to expand or contract, inducing internal forces if the frame is restrained.

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